After the outbreak of the First World War, each country needed to raise cash for the war effort, and at this stage they began to issue more and more bonds, some of which still exist today. The emerging strength of the US saw it adopt the standard in 1879, by making "greenbacks" that had been issued during the Civil War period convertible into gold, and the gold standard was formalised by legislation in 1900.The result of this was that as more and more paper was not backed by the common value of gold, floating exchange rates began. On the 31st December of that year, gold stood at $43.This finally ended the central role of gold in world currency systems and it then began a spectacular bull market as inflation raged and the value of paper currencies fell.Much has been written about the current bull market in gold and how it compares to previous moves, in particular during the 1970s when the metal soared to at the time unimaginable heights. Dollar strength and weaknessOnce the war ended there were significant economic problems in Europe, and exchange rates began to change rapidly, with many major currencies devaluing against the dollar.The 1970sThe licence to print money had been conveniently forgotten, despite the widely remembered problems in Germany's Weimar republic in the 1920s, and just fifty years later, in 1971, President Nixon ended US dollar convertibility to gold.

This reflected the prevailing economic philosophy that economies would tend naturally toward reasonably high levels of employment and reasonable price stability without such government policy actions.S.This meant that there were effective pegs in the foreign exchange market, so that exchange rates would fluctuate only within very narrow limits determined by the costs of shipping and insuring gold. On the outbreak of World War One, it was accepted by the whole of the developed world. Other currencies then looked to have gold backing, and towards the end of the century, various European countries joined the standard, though some chose for a time use a joint gold and silver standard.Following a disastrous five years back on the gold standard, the UK abandoned it in 1931, and others followed over the next few years. Admittedly inflation art present is not the problem it was at the beginning of that decade, but don't bet against major changes in the value of gold against paper currencies in the years to come. This action raised the official price of gold by more than 65% to $35 per ounce.87, based on a U.Under this system, participating countries needed to give an absolute priority to external adjustment over domestic objectives, so if there was a conflict between domestic and external objectives, policy tools might not be available to be used for domestic problems of recession, unemployment, or inflation.S. Gold enjoyed a nine year bull market, with the price hitting a record of $850 per ounce against a background of an international crisis arising from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Islamic Revolution in Iran. In the 1970s, gold peaked with a 2000% rise in just nine years, so this gives some food for thought.The effect of the First World WarThe four great economic powers, the US, UK, Germany, and France saw unchanged currency values up until the war. .Why gold could go a lot, lot higherGold's current bull market has lasted six years, during which it has risen around 200%.

The pound thus went back on the gold standard, but this coincided with the Wall Street Crash and the beginning of the great depression, which highlighted the weaknesses in existing economic policy. official gold price of £ 4. These were domestically issued at the time and not backed by gold, but the promise to repay came from the central bank and was seen as rock solid.The gold standardThe UK, which at the time was the world's dominant economic powerhouse, adopted a gold standard in the early 19th century. This was the beginning of what is known as fiat monetary policy, and which is widespread today. dollar and sterling was approximately $4. Once the price rose, there was a mining boom, which saw major growth in gold output. Only gold coins and certificates considered collectors' items were exempt from this prohibition, and artistic and industrial users were allowed to deal in gold under a special Treasury license. Any deficit country would then have to surrender gold to cover its deficit, with the result that the volume of its money would be reduced, leading to lower prices, while the influx of that gold into the surplus economy would expand the volume of that country's money and lead to higher prices.8 per ounce. Higher interest rates would usually have a deflationary effect in the deficit country aswell. The US, which entered the war later than the others, had maintained gold convertibility, and soon the dollar floated against the other currencies, which were no longer convertible into dollars.K.On this basis it is worth looking at the background to the value story on gold, and this may shed some light on why its bull market may have significantly further to go for CFD traders in coming years.24 per ounce, and the exchange rate would not fluctuate beyond about three cents above and below the mint parity, which represented the cost of shipping and insuring gold, since otherwise there would be arbitrage potential.

There were also problems in the US, and in 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt imposed a ban on US citizens buying, selling, or owning gold in order to kickstart the depressed economy.67 per ounce and a U. This called for fixed exchange rates, with parities set for participating currencies in terms of gold, and it provided that any paper currency could on demand be exchanged for gold by its central bankThe system worked well having been designed to make each country adjust in terms of external deficits or surpluses in transactions between countries. US and UK comparisons in terms of goldUp until 1914, the parity between the U. official gold price of $20. There were few barriers to gold shipments or capital controls in the major countries, and capital flows appeared to play a stabilising role.This helped cement the US dominance of world trade, as the dollar had greatly improved its competitive strength over European currencies during the war. For long and short term CFD traders this creates a major opportunity to profit from a potential further major revaluation.At the same rime, the Federal Reserve continued to sell gold to foreign central banks and government institutions, but the ban prevented hoarders from profiting after China Customized Sintered Powder Metal Pulleys Suppliers Congress devalued the dollar against gold in 1934. This was the birth of Keynesian policies which shaped much of economic policy in coming decades.In a reverse of what is happening today, within much of Europe and certainly in the UK there was a widespread desire to return to the stability of the gold standard, and growing concern over the attractiveness of the dollar, which was still convertible into gold, and of dollar-denominated assets. 

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At this time therefore, we use only Atlantic caught salmon, herring and other such oily fish from above the Arctic Circle. Therefore the consumer should go out and buy the cheapest brand of fish oil possible since there would be no difference between them other than price. Some of the physical health problems associated with these types of petroleum pollutants include breathing problems, kidney failure, weakness and fatigue. Byproducts of the petroleum industry, including polyvinyl chlorides and biphenyl compounds are also found throughout the world. Therefore, I insist on only the highest quality for my products.The answer to that question would depend on who you ask. What matters the most is what you do with your fish oil after you get it. For the teenager, there may be some serious benefits to acne, attention deficit disorder and concentration levels from taking fish oil as well. This is the case with our fish oil also; however, we still subject it to very stringent purification methods using a proprietary process called molecular distillation. We therefore, use the term "pharmaceutical grade" to describe our products.

As our population continues to age and brain health becomes a critical issue not just from Alzheimer's disease, but from other forms of dementia, it should become apparent that we should all strive to keeps our brains as healthy and toxin free as possible. If you asked the typical manufacturer of vitamin supplements, using standard food grade material, the answer would be "There is no such thing as pharmaceutical grade fish oil". They would like to see it banished from use because it puts them at a serious disadvantage. Let's say you wanted your mother or father to experience the benefits of my pharmaceutical grade fish oil.. Therefore, where you catch your fish really doesn't matter all that much. The Pacific Rim of Fire stretches from the coast of California, up to Alaska, all the way down through Japan, and some of the islands of the Far East. This is one way in which my pharmaceutical grade fish oil stands out. There are many studies that show improved hand eye coordination and increased fetal development before birth. There is another thing you should know about Pharmaceutical Grade Fish Oil. For the past couple of years, the debate has raged over pharmaceutical grade terminology. Mercury can cause brain damage that looks very much like Alzheimer's dementia. Dave's Best Pharmaceutical Grade Fish Oil, physician used, physician tested, my best to you and your family. We maintain an extremely low level of background radiation in all of our products. Many companies that do not apply the stringent high-grade procedures to guarantee the quality of their products are literally furious at the term "pharmaceutical grade". Simply put, what this means is, if the FDA were to make fish oil a prescription drug tomorrow, our product would pass muster. Well my friend, the devil is in the details.

Those three zeros make a big difference. I do essentially use fish oil as a medicine. Is this stringent testing, that makes our product superior to all the rest on the market. Now let's take a look at lead. You could rest assured that you would not be in any way, causing harm to the fragile brain of an elderly person. Please do not be misled by anyone claiming that they have found a pure source of fish that requires no processing. Why is this important? Mercury is the most toxic metal that naturally occurs on planet Earth. In these battery plants constant lead testing of the employees was undertaken to prevent permanent damage. Now let's look at China Customized Sintered Powder Metal Pulleys Company some human examples. Several different brands of fish oil were tested in this particular study. For example, Pacific caught salmon have a higher underlying level of pollutants, including radiation. Prescription drugs require very stringent purity and ingredient testing before they are considered safe by the regulatory bodies. This is because we have stringent purity testing and allow no detectable levels of pollutants in our fish oil or any other of our products, for that matter. No one is sure why there is extra metallic pollutants in Pacific salmon. Dave's Best Pharmaceutical Grade Fish Oil as an example. Again, depending on where you catch your fish, you will see high levels of pollutants, among them radiation. This is the problem of radiation. Sadly, radiation pollution is a problem in this area of the world. The chemical that is tested for in radiation testing is cesium. The conclusion reached was that all fish oils have about the same amount of pollutant levels, 1 ppm of lead, for example. What this translates into is a purity of parts per trillion rather than parts per million. This is in addition to background radiation. It would take only a very small amount of mercury in a water supply to make it undrinkable by the Environmental Protection Agency standards.

It is amazing that some of this pollution can actually come from sunken Soviet nuclear submarines. In each case, we cannot use the term treatment, because the FDA will not allow it, however in my own clinical practice, this is exactly the term I use. Some manufactures of fish oil note that all their fish sources come from above the Arctic Circle. You may have heard the term, Pacific Rim of Fire. Once again, if you were to take this and make it a prescription drug tomorrow, it would pass all the stringent testing the FDA would subject to. For this reason, we proudly use the term pharmaceutical grade fish oil. We do this because we recognize that even fish caught above the Arctic Circle are exposed to pollution. Taken as a whole, it is very important, that whatever you put into your body maintains the highest purity standards you can get, because you don't want to load up any of your organ systems, especially your brain and your heart with toxic pollutants. Studies have shown that fish oil may indeed improve memory behavior and performance in the demented patient. This is a time-consuming and often expensive process, but yields the absolute best product money can buy. Again, as far as I know, no one else even bothers to test for. Sadly, lead and mercury are not the only pollutants found in our water supplies and our fish. Fewer diseases of childhood and adult especially allergic diseases and in some cases, even a higher IQ in children who are adequately supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Now let's look at the opposite end of the spectrum, a pregnant mother or newborn baby. In this country, technically speaking, food supplements do not require that high a degree of stringent purity testing. It is simply a fact of life. Lead toxicity can have many serious consequences, including nerve problems, mental problems, blood problems, and kidney failure. 

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Although there have been a number of recent breakthroughs in stem cell research, technologies that will actually regenerate human tissue are still several years away from fully coming to market.Bone graft substitutes and collagen implants do not have the capacity to help us grow new limbs or organs.. The use of natural substances such as human or animal tissue in the manufacture of surgical biomaterials is a more recent development. The modern definition of surgical biomaterials, however, focuses on substances and products that not only evade rejection by the body, but that can interact with living tissue. One of the most common procedures in which autografts are used is spinal fusion, a surgery in which one or more vertebrae of the spine are welded together with the aim of eliminating painful motion. What are biomaterials? A very broad definition of surgical biomaterials may include any substance that has the capacity to function in contact with living tissue and not be rejected by the body. It encompasses a number of surgical specialties and has reached a market capitalization of several billions dollars. The ongoing development of surgical biomaterials is now resulting in a number of hybrid products that integrate both natural and synthetic substances in an effort to provide products that offer the clinical benefits of both materials.

Natural substances generally have complex structures that are difficult to replicate with synthetic compounds, and therefore can interact with human tissue in ways that synthetic products cannot. Eventually, this process results in a new, fully-functional and anatomically-correct tail. Synthetic membranes made from materials such as polypropylene, polyester, silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been widely used in facial aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, hernia repair, neurosurgery and other surgical procedures. The use of steel and other alloys, which have the tendency to discolor, eventually led to the development and introduction of stainless steel and titanium, materials that are still commonly used in the production of orthopedic implants today. Mammals can regenerate some skin and liver tissue, but our regenerative abilities stop there. The rapid growth of surgical biomaterials has to do with their capacity to reduce procedure times, recovery times and complication rates, while providing clinicians with innovative approaches to improving the level of patient care. Progress continues to be made into stem cell research and, just like amphibians and lizards, one day new technologies may be available to help us regenerate our bodies.How do lizards and other animals regenerate tissue? Part of the answer has to do with stem cells. During World War II, silicon was used in Japan to enhance the breasts of prostitutes and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the main component in many of today's bone cements, was used in dental and craniofacial applications. These biomaterials do the job they are meant to perform, and then are either absorbed naturally by the body over time and eliminated by biological processes or become a permanent part of the surrounding tissue. Unlike lizards, which have nature to thank for their regenerative capabilities, we are dependent on scientists, physicians and the business community to develop new technologies that will help us repair and replace damaged tissue. Early civilizations such as the Egyptians, Romans and Aztecs used wood, ivory, gem stones and other objects to replace missing teeth and fill in bone defects more than 2,500 years ago. Since then, scientific developments have led to the use of a number of different synthetics and natural materials in the human body.

This occurs simultaneously with the growth and differentiation of cells in the tail stump. In the meantime, the market for surgical biomaterials continues to evolve and new technologies are continuously coming to market that have the capacity to improve the quality of life of mammals around the world. Alloys have been used as pins and plates in the human body since the early nineteenth century. This is when surgeons take tissue (or bone) from one part of the patient's body and then place it in another part of their body in order to repair a defect or replace diseased tissue. However, there have been significant levels of investment into stem cell research over the past several years in the hope of developing new technologies that will offer the ability to grow lost or damaged tissue, and perhaps even organs. have developed new ways of collecting and processing animal collagen to produce membranes that offer the same strength characteristics as synthetic membranes, but are completely biocompatible and provide a permanent solution for the repair and augmentation of tissue. The exact reasons why mammals are so limited when it comes to regenerative potential is still not known. In the meantime, a new market is developing for products that have the ability to interact with living tissue and in some cases promote cellular migration and growth. The pain and problems associated with motion are reduced over time, as the implanted bone and vertebrae grow into a single, solid bone. When an amphibian loses its tail, for example, stem cells in the spinal cord migrate into the regrowing tail and differentiate into several cell types, including muscle and cartilage. Synthetic or animal based biomaterial bone substitutes provide surgeons and their patients with an option that lessens time under anesthesia and cuts down on recovery time.Plants, invertebrate animals, amphibians and even reptiles have the ability to regenerate lost or damaged body parts. From World War I through World War II a number of natural rubbers, celluloids, vinyl polymers and polyurethanes were used for grafts, artificial hearts and catheters. While these products stop well short of growing new limbs and organs, they do provide some solutions for many of the problems associated with traditional surgical and treatment options. While synthetic surgical meshes have good strength characteristics, they remain in the body as permanent implants and sometimes can cause adverse reactions when the surrounding tissue identifies these materials as foreign bodies.

A number of years of research and development in this area have led to technological advances in the processing of natural tissue to remove its toxicity and improve its clinical properties. In the case of lizards, for example, this is a defensive mechanism.S. A handful of companies in Europe and the U. This would include products made from metals, alloys and polyester-based materials such as orthopedic implants, and a number of other products traditionally used for the reconstruction or repair of tissue. During a spinal fusion, the surgeon makes an incision in the patient's hip and removes a piece of bone from the pelvis, which is then implanted in the space between the vertebrae and held in place by metal fasteners. Some of the major disadvantages of autografts in these procedures are the additional operating time it takes the surgeon to harvest the graft, the extra postoperative recovery time needed and the added pain the patient must endure at the harvest site.Biomaterials can be made either from synthetic compounds or natural substances. Synthetic materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate have been used for years in dental, craneo-maxilofacial and orthopedic procedures. However, they are an important step in the ongoing developments being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Collagen implants for tissue repair and augmentation is another area where biomaterials may offer substantial benefits over traditional treatments. Medical device companies worldwide are racing to bring to market biomaterial implants and devices that are designed to help repair defects in soft tissue, skin and bones. In recent years, the use of membranes made from natural substances such as porcine and bovine dermis or pericardium has gained in popularity with surgeons.The surgical biomaterials market is currently one of the largest and fastest growing global medical markets. Since the China Sintered Powder Metal Gears Factory structure of this collagen is so similar to human tissue, once it is implanted the membrane provides the basis for cellular ingrowth and revascularization. Some of the benefits of biomaterials can be seen in their use in surgeries that typically use "autografts". The use of nonviable materials to repair or replace defects in the human body dates back thousands of years. When a predator attacks, the lizard can break off its own tail as a means of distraction. While the predator is busy eating the tail, the lizard escapes and regenerates the body part later on

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She had saved them from miserable deaths. Doc Suzie ended up with many patients and was known to travel to very remote places in very difficult weather to treat them.Okay, you males out there - listen up, because it's way time for you folks to get a clue. There wasn't much time to lose in saving her friends. In 1905, at the age of 60, Nellie moved to Nolan Creek in Koyukuk country, the northern most mining area at the time, and a more than harsh environment. The same day that I walked out onto the main road, a man was being dragged off of Mt Hood in a stretcher. The towns themselves were often built to be temporary and were nothing more than tents or cabins with dirt floors at best. Nellie spent the last twenty years of her life there, working and purchasing claims which she worked with her own hands and the help of a few paid assistants. Ann in Victoria - a hospital that she had contributed much funding for forty years earlier. She had accomplished what no man had been able to do. In 1872 she and her mother moved to the Pioche, Nevada mining camp area and opened a boarding house there. We really don't need your guidance to decide how we want to live our lives or what is best for us. By the time she left the office, however, she was the proud owner of the soon to be famous Mollie Kathleen mine. Of course that was her work - at home life was no easier. Not even on a day off. It is relaxing and keeps me mentally sharp, physically fit, and well entertained. He didn't fare so well. Women were just as likely to survive the trip as the men were. No one remembered to tell Nellie that her place was in the home. You may feel free to call 1-800-waahh with your complaints anytime though. One miner's wife, Mrs. Temperatures were in the single digits at night. When I hit the main road, I flagged a car to get a ride to town. She died there in January of 1925, at the age of 80. I don't know where the mid to late 1900's male idea that women are helpless came from, but it is quarter past high time for you all to get over it. There is a mountain that I want to go check out. She also became quite knowledgeable China Custom Disc hub core Powder Metal Parts Factory about mining geology and worked and owned several claims.

Need more convincing? Caroline Moorehouse Mallin, born in Ohio in 1829, was widowed with 2 children. The rest of you need to get a clue, grow up, and learn to take care of yourself a little bit without the continual need of a "mommy" to do it for you. Surprisingly, many were making more money than the miners. No one could get through. She went from Cripple Creek to Denver and on to Greeley finding little acceptance in these towns for women doctors. She went to visit her son. After all she had two children to care for on her own. She made much money and gave much of it to hospitals and churches. Nellie moved on a few years later on her own to the Cassiar district of British Columbia, close to where Juno now stands, where she operated a boarding house and started to actually to do some placer mining of her own. Caroline worked these claims by herself. He had been out the same amount of time I had been. I am a rockhound. Caroline did her own mining work - shored up her mines with timbers, drilled and blasted, and even hauled the ores all by her little self. Nellie was born in Ireland in 1845 and her family came to America during the potato famine. I am too old. The sick and injured miner's she treated seem to have forgotten to mention that being a woman she was likely to become lost if she ventured out into the mountains on her own. I learned that for a 44 year old woman I was still pretty buff. In 1904, Nellie realized that her health was failing. Everson of Empire, Colorado made her fortune when she discovered and patented a new means of concentrating metals by pouring pulverized ore in a solution of water and an oily substance and agitating it. No one could make it through. Guess no one ever taught him to climb a tree to get dry wood to get a fire going. Nellie continued to work boarding homes and hotels in mining districts. At 26 she married a mine owner and worked for him taking pack trains of Burros up the mountains to deliver supplies to miners who had no means to get supplies in winter. She gathered supplies, dogs and sleds, hired a few hands, and was off to the rescue. When the end of the miner's day had come and the men started their journey's home to sit and rest after a hard day, Caroline got to go to her second job - her home and family. I was never contacted to talk to the media - guess it might have made the guy look bad, or just wasn't exciting without a major rescue involved. Olga became famous when stranded at a mine during a snowstorm, she was able to save the lives of the miners (and incidently her own), leading them out and down the mountain to safety and supplies.

Guess someone forgot to tell her that it was too rough for a woman out there. Sure bad things could happen - but they could, and did, happen to men, too. Where the idea that I am helpless follows from that, is such a quantum leap of logic that it can't realistically be given any credence. He fired me without even asking if I was alright. Winters were bitter, food often scarce when weather would not permit supply wagons through. If I had an acre of land to plow I would undeniably hire a man over a woman any day. The work was not easy. As a rockhound, I travel to places out in the wilds to collect my treasures. Maybe the man that answers the phone will be more understanding. Supplies were running out. The press did it up real well. They did not admonish them for going into environments that were hostile or outright dangerous, or where life was hard. The truth is that throughout the history of this nation, women have proved to be able to handle any conditions a man can, handle any crisis a man can, and even excel financially in even the roughest of environments. Unfortunately, I continually get slammed by men who feel this is wrong for me to do. When I got to town I called my boss. Her son staked her first claim for her, but the Manager at the claims office told her women couldn't file claims. Of course there were women, also, that went into the field of mining themselves. ( Hmmn. One February I was stranded in the Ochoco Mountains. Someone forgot to tell her that this kind of life was too hard for a woman, or that she might become lost if she ventured from home on her own for supplies. Would a man have been told that they had no business leaving the house on a day off? Another man asked me if I had "learned my lesson" meaning did I know now my place was in the home. Do they tell us not to go places because they are afraid that THEY couldn't handle it and would have their egos severely bruised if a woman could handle something the man could not? Or are they just so selfish that they think that a woman who is to have a man in her life is to completely give up their lives to be available 24/7 to serve their needs because a man can't take care of himself without a servant for a day or two, or just don't want to have to do anything for themselves? Perhaps they are worried about the poor little fragile thing like a woman (funny they don't worry about protecting her from children's vomit and diarrhea or blood, terrible working conditions, or just plain over work). Did I forget to mention in the last paragraph, that if there was no one I could hire, I would get it done on my own? I am a woman. The car might break down. While there she was looking for a herd of elk her son had told her about when she accidently found gold and started her own mining career. Now if these stories aren't convincing, all you need to do is troll through the history's of the myriad of mining areas during the gold rush era. No one ever told a man he should have stayed home if something happened to him while he was out). I quickly pointed out that yes I had. She became an extremely successful miner in the Buena Vista area of Colorado. C. He simply pointed out that I had no business going off by myself.. She did not tell the people there that she was a doctor, but word eventually leaked out despite. She moved back up to the Mountains of Fraser, Colorado when her illness worsened. In the early 1880's the new method of concentrating allowed many local mines to double and triple their production of gold and silver. And the one that really gets under my skin - I belong at home unless I am working or running errands. It took me 4 days to get out. Just getting to some of those towns in those days was often a life threatening journey. I do this with no company other than my dog most of the time. It was here she claimed the title "Angel of Mercy". Her ability to get through the snow that no one else could get through, bringing life saving medicines and supplies to the camp made her famous. Life would have been much rougher without them. How could she get through? Not one man who had tried had succeeded. Pretty rough country for a couple of women on their own, one an aged woman at that.Now in light of what you just learned, you can see that women just see your protests as silly, juvenile attempts to control another person's life for your own selfish wants.

People were sick. Olga started breaking horses for pay at the age of 14. Some of them can do this better than the very man who might have told them that their place is in the home. To this day I firmly believe that had I been a male, my prowess at getting out of the situation in one piece would have been highly applauded. These are seriously attitudes that I am faced with frequently. Men knew they needed these women, and were grateful that the gals could handle it out there so well. Nellie was in the Victoria area when she heard that her fellow miners at Cassiar were hit by an extremely violent blizzard. I am not receptive to your childish and tyrannical whims. If you have a problem with that, don't bother emailing me. But Nellie did. Okay, sure, that is one woman, but there were others. Women played a major part of these histories. I can't imagine a man being so pig-headed or insipid to have ever told Nellie Cashman that she had no business out there in the rough, that she was too frail, or not smart enough to handle the rough environment.Once in the camps, women proved to be very enterprising, very necessary, and very well able to handle the conditions. They not only supplied the services that miner's needed, but many were miners themselves, working all day just to return home to care for their families and friends. Anything could happen. The men in these camps and towns did not tell the women to stay home.Now that I have unloaded and have spoken my mind, I need to get out of here. No one told Nellie that she had no business out there - that she wasn't capable or that something might happen to her, or that she didn't belong out there. The miners were damned grateful that she had the grit to go - they thought of her as a hero. But there were women in these camps. Bet none of the miners ever told her that she should not be there. She had to haul water almost a mile, and had to go down the mountain and haul supplies back. Oh, and that crayfish and fish are really easy to catch when the water gets cold enough. I also learned that I can still build a campfire that would make an Indian cry from jealousy. Mollie Kathleen Gortner had a different reason for going to mining country - Cripple Creek, Colorado. The barren rock dust would sink to the bottom and the metal sand would adhere to the oily substance which would float to the top. He wasn't a smoker, so he probably "just forgot" his lighter, too. So at the age of 79 she finally gave up tending her mines and claims and worked her way south to receive care at Sister's of St. My dog and I were a bit dirty, but didn't feel any too bad. They set up businesses washing miner's clothing, cleaning, and much money was made by good cooks. I'm going to cut you just a bit of slack, and blame it on the fact that life in America has become so cush that men just don't really much get the chance to see what a Woman can accomplish when put to the test. She worked extremely dangerous avalanche areas at high altitudes, and had 15 mines recorded in her name. 

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